In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a labial consonant articulated with both lips.
Bilabial consonants are very common across languages. Only around 0.7% of the world's languages lack bilabial consonants altogether, including Tlingit, Chipewyan, Oneida, and Wichita, though all of these have a labial–velar approximant /w/.
The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are:
IPA | Description | Example | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Language | Orthography | IPA | Meaning | ||
m̥ | voiceless bilabial nasal | Hmong | Hmoob | Hmong | |
m | voiced bilabial nasal | English | man | man | |
p | voiceless bilabial plosive | English | spin | spin | |
b | voiced bilabial plosive | English | bed | bed | |
p͡ɸ | voiceless bilabial affricate | Kaingang | fy | 'seed' | |
b͡β | voiced bilabial affricate | Shipibo | boko | 'small intestine' | |
ɸ | voiceless bilabial fricative | Japanese | 富士山 (fujisan) | Mount Fuji | |
β | voiced bilabial fricative | Ewe | ɛʋɛ | Ewe | |
β̞ | bilabial approximant | Spanish | lobo | wolf | |
ⱱ̟ | voiced bilabial flap | Mono | vwa | 'send' | |
ʙ̥ | voiceless bilabial trill | Pará Arára | 'to throw away' | ||
ʙ | voiced bilabial trill | Nias | simbi | lower jaw | |
pʼ | bilabial ejective stop | Adyghe | пӀэ | meat | |
ɸʼ | bilabial ejective fricative | Yuchi | ḟasę | 'good evening!' | |
ɓ̥ | voiceless bilabial implosive | Serer | [example needed] | ||
ɓ | voiced bilabial implosive | Jamaican Patois | beat | beat | |
k͡ʘ q͡ʘ ɡ͡ʘ ɢ͡ʘ ŋ͡ʘ ɴ͡ʘ |
bilabial clicks (many distinct consonants) | Nǁng | ʘoe | meat |
Owere Igbo has a six-way contrast among bilabial stops: .[citation needed]
The extensions to the IPA also define a bilabial percussive ([ʬ] ) for smacking the lips together. A lip-smack in the non-percussive sense of the lips noisily parting would be .
The IPA chart shades out bilabial lateral consonants, which is sometimes read as indicating that such sounds are not possible. The fricatives and are often lateral, but since no language makes a distinction for centrality, the allophony is not noticeable.